Coming of age in the late 1990s, Jessica Seitz, 33, knows the pressures of diet and βskinnyβ culture well.
βI grew up my whole life with weight issues. You wonβt find very many Millennials that didnβt at least have bad body image,β she says.
When she became a mother at 24, these concerns didnβt go away. They morphed to reflect her changing body.
The same culture Seitz grew up with, in which Victoria Beckham was forced to weigh herself on live television two months after giving birth, had evolved into dramatic postpartum weight loss videos, highly edited bikini photos and βbounce back cultureβ on social media.
βAt the moment, thinness, Ozempic, all of those things have become trendy. Itβs very reminiscent of the Y2K, β90s Kate Moss attitude,β says Seitz.
βBut back then, you could walk away from a magazine that made you feel bad about your body. Social media is in your face all the time, every day,β she says, adding it is particularly harmful when users donβt disclose how they achieved a certain look.
A recent scoping review from Flinders University found that three in four new mums struggle with body image.
The research backs up what decades of literature shows, including that pregnancy and menopause are close behind puberty as high-risk periods for eating disorders and body image issues in women.
The postpartum period is generally considered to span the three months following birth, but recovery from the intense physiological and psychological changes brought on by pregnancy can take years. Despite this, many mothers are expected to βbounce backβ mere months after birth.
βI donβt think thereβs enough support for women to understand just how big the changes are in your body in pregnancy to postpartum,β says Seitz.
βTo say, βhey, your uterus takes up to 12 weeks to even go back to its normal sizeβ. Especially celebrities and on social media, you see all these people that bounce back and that becomes the expectation of all women.β
And in 2026, the βultra thinβ culture of Seitzβs youth seems to be back, spurred in part by the growing prevalence of weight loss drugs (GLP-1 receptor agonists) like Ozempic.
GLP-1s have been shown to be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. But they are being increasingly prescribed inappropriately, including for small amounts of weight loss.
While there is no official data on whether more new mums are asking for, or being prescribed, weight loss drugs, social media is rife with post-pregnancy βtransformationsβ enabled by such medications. Meghan Trainor and Serena Williams are two celebrities who have spoken about using these drugs to shed weight after pregnancy.
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners psychological medicine chair Dr Karen Spielman says while the college has not observed a marked increase in postpartum requests for weight loss drugs, members have noticed an increase in young mothers expressing body dissatisfaction.
The Therapeutic Goods Administration warns against using GLP-1s during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
Partners play a role in body image
In the Flinders review, researchers looked at 36 studies published between 1986 and 2024 (more than half were published between 2019 and 2024), from countries around the world, including Australia.
Lead author and PhD candidate Madeleine Rhodes set out to examine the impact of interpersonal and environmental factors on body image, instead of individual factors like self-compassion and depression that most previous research has focused on.
βOf course, those individual factors are incredibly important, but what weβre asking of women and people who are pregnant and in postpartum, to cope despite all of these sociocultural factors and our anxiety around body image … the onus still lies with women,β she says.
βTheyβre tasked with swimming upstream against this tidal wave of pressure, and I just feel like that is unfair. The responsibility needs to be redistributed.β
The review found supportive partners and strong social networks helped with positive body image, while unrealistic media portrayals, appearance-focused comments and even well-meaning advice (like unsolicited compliments about oneβs βsmallβ pregnant body) could do harm.
Dr Briony Hill, a senior research fellow at Monash University with a focus on ending weight stigma in the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum life stages, was not surprised by the results of the Flinders study.
Weight stigma, which she defines as βthe social devaluation of somebodyβs body because itβs different, and usually because itβs larger or of a higher weightβ, is common for women in the perinatal period, including in healthcare settings.
This stigma can have significant health effects, says Hill.
βIt can lead to a stress response in the body, which then can increase risks of other health complications. It is associated with increased depression and anxiety, as well as decreasing peopleβs ability to engage in the usual health behaviours, like having a healthy diet and just being physically active in general,β Hill says.
When it comes to eating disorders, Spielman says there is a range of vulnerabilities that collide in postpartum β from intense hormonal changes, to anxiety and isolation β putting mothers at greater risk.
Context matters too, of course. β10 years ago, people were a little more body positive, and now all of sudden, people are talking about weight loss being an easy thing because you can just get these medications,β says Spielman.
βThatβs going to have a downstream impactβ.
Social media and the return of βultra-thinβ bodies
Courtney Stubbs, 28, developed perinatal depression around the births of her two children, and struggled with an adjustment disorder due to the changes to her body.
Indeed, research shows body dissatisfaction is associated with depression.
βThe experience of being pregnant the first time was wild mentally for me,β she says.
βIβve always had control of how my body looked, and to then be growing bigger and bigger was really hard. There were all these beautiful pregnant women, with the perfect bump and still skinny arms or legs, but I felt like I was just heavy, and the opposite of the identity Iβd always seen in the mirror growing up.β
Stubbs had been an active kid, and she was heavily involved in dancing, cheerleading and modelling, all activities that put intense pressure on appearance, from a young age.
βI was easily influenced by diet culture and always encouraged, if not pushed, to lose more weight, to book a modelling job, to be on top of the pyramid in cheerleading,β she says.
Stubbs, a business owner and former reality TV contestant with a significant social media following, says this public visibility compounded the pressure to look a certain way after giving birth, and she felt compelled to exercise and eat well, not just for health, but to βbounce backβ.
For Seitz, venturing offline highlights the unrealistic ideals for mothers that social media perpetuates.
βIf you take your eyes off the screen and go out to your local swimming pool, itβs very eye-opening to see all different types of bodies. Itβs really that irregularity of seeing perfectly fit bodies on your screen,β she says.
A 2022 analysis of Instagram found women in smaller bodies were more likely to share images of themselves postpartum than those in larger bodies.
Improving body image
So, what can new mums, and the people around them, do besides simply logging off?
Spielman encourages mothers to lean on their GPs for support and to focus on establishing a solid social network, such as βa good mothersβ group with people who can normalise and share and debrief, so that you donβt feel isolated and like youβve got to be looking for unhelpful information,β she says.
Given a key risk factor for poor body image is appearance-related commentary, Rhodes encourages people to be more mindful of the language they use around pregnant people.
βItβs almost like a womanβs body during pregnancy becomes this object of public scrutiny,β she says.
βOften this is not necessary, and itβs not helpful, because you donβt know what people have been through. You donβt know if someone has been struggling with an eating disorder [for example].β
Her teamβs findings also shed light on the important role partners play in shaping positive body image.
βWhat Iβd like to see in the future is more conversations around body image, which is typically left to women and their friends, with men and partners, which can just break down that stigma,β she says.
βItβs a bit of a check-in because often body image concerns can be an indication of other things like depression or secretive disordered eating … and being quite reassuring and loving is really respectful and can be a powerful thing.β
For Seitz, who started sharing videos of herself on social media after the birth of her second child to normalise bodies like hers, becoming a mother has been an overwhelmingly positive experience, despite some negative comments.
βI have such a lovely community,β she says, βand itβs really helped me feel more confident in my body.β
If you or anyone you know needs support, call the Butterfly National Helpline1800 33 4673, Lifeline 131 114, Beyond Blue 1300 224 636, or PANDA between 9am and 7.30pm on 1300 726 306.
Make the most of your health, relationships, fitness and nutrition with our Live Well newsletter. Get it in your inbox every Monday.